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91.
92.
《等离子体科学和技术》2020,22(4):45401
A low voltage circuit breaker(LVCB) is an important piece of protection equipment which will switch off the fault current in a power system. The moving contact of a low voltage circuit breaker with a higher rated current consists of two parallel contacts. Therefore, the convection effect on the air arc evolution process in a two parallel contact system is analyzed. A threedimensional(3 D) magneto–hydro–dynamic(MHD) model of arc simulation is built. In this model, the anode consists of two parallel contacts and a bonding conductor. A nonlinear voltage–current density characteristic is employed to represent the near-anode and near-cathode voltage. The current density, arc voltage and currents through every contact are obtained. The influence of convection and conduction on the arc evolution process are quantitatively calculated. The displacements of the arc roots are obtained and the asymmetry of the arc root motion is analyzed. The arc evolution process of a two parallel contact system is preliminarily revealed. 相似文献
93.
为保证经费使用效益,针对目前装备保障缺乏有效的评估方法,且制定保障方案时随意性较大的问题,提出了一种基于蒙特卡洛法的装备保障方案评估方法。根据现有装备保障的运行体制和机制,通过构建装备保障评估仿真模型,建立相对应的预防性维修过程子模型、修复性维修过程子模型和保障资源配置子模型,计算出基于现有保障方案的优化费效曲线及相关参数。通过某型飞机的保障方案实际计算,该方法能够对保障方案的备件、资源、设备利用率等方面进行评估,为任务执行前的保障方案评估提供了有效手段。提出的模型和软件能为装备保障人员提供有力的决策支持。 相似文献
94.
齐湘毅 《石油化工安全环保技术》2020,(1):47-49,I0003
介绍了某石化厂炼油中间油品罐区10台储罐的罐顶挥发性有机物治理方案,改造方案是利用炼油厂现有瓦斯管网系统将其回收利用。包括罐顶油气收集管线和增压风机,并完善储罐氮封和安全附件。该方案需根据储罐的基本情况制定合理的压力控制方案和应急安全措施。该治理方案投资小,运行费用低,不仅取消了废气排放口,而且有较高的经济效益,可作为优先选用的炼油罐顶气治理方案。 相似文献
95.
Qingshan Yuan Zunju Zhang Lei Li Samira Agbolaghi Saina Mousavi 《Polymer International》2020,69(9):833-846
Morphological and photovoltaic stabilities of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) solar cells were investigated in pristine and modified states. To this end, four types of patterned/assembled nanostructures, namely reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐g‐poly(3‐dodecylthiophene)/P3HT patched‐like pattern, rGO–polythiophene/P3HT/PC71BM nanofiber, rGO‐g‐P3HT/P3HT cake‐like pattern and supra(polyaniline (PANI)‐g‐rGO/P3HT), were designed on the basis of rGO and various conjugated polymers. Intermediately covered rGO nanosheets by P3HT crystals (supra(PANI‐g‐rGO/P3HT)) performed better than sparsely (patched‐like pattern) and fully (cake‐like pattern) covered ones in P3HT:PC71BM solar cell systems. Supra(PANI‐g‐rGO/P3HT) nanohybrids largely phase‐separated in active layers (root mean square = 0.88 nm) and also led to the highest performance (power conversion efficiency of 5.74%). The photovoltaic characteristics demonstrated decreasing trends during air aging for all devices, but with distinct slopes. The steepest decreasing plots were obtained for the unmodified P3HT:PC71BM devices (from 1.77% to 0.28%). The two supramolecules with the most ordered structures, that is, cake‐like pattern (10.12 mA cm?2, 51%, 0.58 V, 2.2 × 10?6 cm2 V?1 s?1, 4.3 × 10?5 cm2 V?1 s?1, 0.69 nm and 2.99%) and supra(PANI‐g‐rGO/P3HT) (12.51 mA cm?2, 57%, 0.63 V, 1.2 × 10?5 cm2 V?1 s?1, 3.4 × 10?4 cm2 V?1 s?1, 0.82 nm and 4.49%), strongly retained morphological and photovoltaic stabilities in P3HT:PC71BM devices after 1 month of air aging. According to the morphological, optical, photovoltaic and electrochemical results, the supra(PANI‐g‐rGO/P3HT) nanohybrid was the best candidate for stabilizing P3HT:PC71BM solar cells. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
96.
随着三元复合驱采油技术在油田的广泛应用,三元复合驱采出水产量不断增加。三元复合驱采出水水质复杂,具有矿化度高、黏度大、含油乳化程度高、小油滴含量高、油水分离困难等特点,对油田生产和环境的影响日益严重。因此,开展三元复合驱采出水高效处理方法的研究成为一项重要的任务。本文分析了影响三元复合驱采出水油水分离特性的各种因素,介绍了目前国内应用于三元采出水处理的先进技术,如膜分离法、气浮选分离法、高级氧化法、微生物法等,阐述了这些处理技术的优势及存在的问题,重点介绍了气浮选分离法和微生物法在三元采出水处理中的应用情况,并对大庆油田三元复合驱采出水现场处理工艺进行了介绍,最后对今后的研究工作提出了一些展望。 相似文献
97.
Tania Martellini Chiara Berlangieri Luigi Dei Emiliano Carretti Saul Santini Angelica Barone Alessandra Cincinelli 《Indoor air》2020,30(5):900-913
Indoor Air Quality monitoring in cultural institutions is of particular concern to protect these places and the cultural heritage content. An indoor monitoring campaign was performed in three museums in Florence (Italy) to determine the occurrence and levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs of interest included BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes), terpenes, aldehydes, organic acids, and cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS). The most abundant VOCs in all samples analyzed were BTEX, which were strictly related to the traffic source, followed by siloxanes and terpenes. Among BTEX, toluene was always the most abundant followed by xylenes, ethylbenzene, and benzene. cVMS in exhibition rooms with the presence of visitors showed higher values compared to samples collected when the museums were closed. Terpenes showed not only the influence of vegetation-biogenic sources surrounding a museum but could also be related to the wood used for the construction of showcases and furniture and the use of cleaning products. Data obtained also showed the presence of organic acids and aldehydes whose source can be traced back to exhibits themselves and wood-based furniture. Assessing the levels of organic acids in museums is important because, over time, it can cause deterioration of the artifacts. 相似文献
98.
Abhinav Sharma Yashodhan Patil Ravi Krishnaiah PhD B. Ashok PhD Akhil Garg PhD Liang Gao PhD 《亚洲传热研究》2020,49(8):4626-4656
Lithium-ion cells are preferred in the electrical powertrain due to high-power density, compactness, and modularity. In real driving conditions, the cells undergo discharge rates as high as 4 C resulting in high heat generation affecting the performance. To obtain the maximum performance the pack construction and thermal management of cells are crucial parameters. In our work, air-cooled technique with diverse air inlet and staggered scheme with a two-channel partition approach for thermal management of the cylindrical lithium-ion cells are studied in computational fluid dynamics. The simulation model is validated with experimental results. The obtained results demonstrate that the cells in the dual-directional air inlet arrangement had low maximum temperature difference among and within the cells and required least fan work. This arrangement required least fan work to generate optimal air inlet velocity of 2 m/s for 1, 2, and 3 C and 4 m/s for 4 C discharge rates. There is a reduction of 50% and 33% fan work for 3 and 4 C discharge rates, which are the majority operating points. Also, it shows that the temperature uniformity within the cells has improved. The results of this study can used to optimize parameters for designing an enhanced thermal management system. 相似文献
99.
This article provides an industrial application method for monitoring and regulating the secondary air through the burner nozzle of a tangentially fired boiler. A geometric model from the inlet of the damper to the burner nozzle was established, which divides the grid for numerical calculation of the flow field to get the drag coefficients of the nozzle and damper under different opening ratios of the damper. In the range of 20–70% opening, the damper has perfect regulation performance, which has the main resistance comparing with that of nozzle. The disc-type damper has a slightly larger resistance than that of the splayed one. A precise corresponding function relationship between the opening ratio and the gas flow rate was established, and base on which, an exact control method on the secondary air damper was proposed. The result can apply to the intelligent transformation of thermal power plants to save energy and reduce consumption. 相似文献
100.
Assessment of chemical and microbiological parameters of indoor swimming pool atmosphere using multiple comparisons 下载免费PDF全文
The aim of this study was to evaluate the air quality of an indoor swimming pool, analyzing diurnal and seasonal variations in microbiological counts and chemical parameters. The results indicated that yeast and bacteria counts, as well as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and O3 concentrations, showed significant diurnal difference. On the other hand, temperature, relative humidity (R.H.), yeast counts and concentrations of CO2, particles, O3, toluene, and benzene showed seasonal differences. In addition, the relationship between indoor and outdoor air and the degree of correlation between the different parameters have been calculated, suggesting that CO2, fine particles and NOx would have indoor origin due to the human activity and secondary reactions favored by the chemical and environmental conditions of the swimming pool; while O3, benzene and toluene, would come from outside, mainly. The overall results indicated that indoor air quality (IAQ) in the swimming pool building was deficient by the high levels of CO2 and microorganisms, low temperatures, and high R.H., because frequently the limits established by the legislation were exceeded. This fact could be due to the poor ventilation and the inadequate operation of heating, ventilation, and air‐conditioning systems. 相似文献